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Doctors stressing heat safety

Outside temperatures are getting warmer -- even blistering. The balmy, sunny summer weather brings with it a rise in the number of people who go outdoors.

There are a lot of activities to participate in -- picnics, amusement parks, swimming, gardening, sports and more. While these pastimes are fun, outdoor enthusiasts should use caution when being outside for an extended period of time in the brutal heat.

"Pennsylvania summers can be the most enjoyable time of year for our residents and their health. However, if one does not pay attention to certain factors in their own health in combination to their environment, then it can become deadly," said Dr. David Burwell, vice president of clinical quality at UPMC Altoona.

He said that heat stroke is a condition to be on the lookout for when temperatures increase.

"Heat stroke is a major concern when the temperature rises. Heat stroke occurs when our body temperature rises above its natural levels in response to prolonged exposure to hot environments," Dr. Burwell said. "During heat stroke, the body's vital organs, such as the brain, can swell and become damaged. This also occurs when strenuous activity is undertaken in hot environments, and this is usually referred to as exertional heat stroke."

Age, having certain medical conditions and exercising when temp­eratures are high may in­crease the risk of developing heat stroke.

"If you are above the age of 65, taking certain medications for high blood pressure like beta blockers or diuretics or participate in exertional activities during high temperatures, then you are at great risk of developing heat stroke," Burwell said.

Wearing excessive clothing, drinking alcohol and becoming dehydrated can also bring on heat stroke. That is why it is imperative to dress cool and stay hydrated in hot weather. Water and sports drinks are the best beverages to consume in the heat. If alcohol is consumed, it should be followed by wa­ter or a sports drink between each alcoholic beverage.

Hydration is one of the most important factors for staying healthy when temperatures rise. Not drinking enough water -- especially when exercising or working in the heat -- can cause other health prob­lems, in­cluding dehydration.

While being exposed to high heat and humidity is not good for anyone, there are certain populations who need to be especially mindful of the weather.

Infants, children, seniors and those who have other health conditions should use caution with rising temperatures.

"High heat and humidity can also exacerbate certain health problems like chronic lung disease and certain types of heart disease," Burwell said.

Sunshine is usually prevalent with high temperatures and skin protection is a health consideration to take seriously. "Skin is the largest organ exposed to one of the most cancer-forming agents -- the sun," said Dr. Paul Rollins, a plastic surgeon with Conemaugh Physician Group.

Caution particularly should be used in regard to babies' exposure to the sun. "Infants are especially sensitive to the sun, and they should be protected from direct sunlight as much as possible," said Dr. Sheela Kerstetter, a dermatologist at UPMC Altoona.

Rollins recommended that everyone should wear sunscreen when exposed to the sun. He said, "Everyone -- irrespective of race or ethnicity -- will burn if in the sun for a long time. Some will burn more readily, some burn, some tan, some burn then tan. But the skin is a living organ, and if it is subjected to enough sun, it will burn when the skin reaches its threshold. So, yes, everyone should be vigilant."

For both skin care and to avoid dehydration and heat stroke, it is best to steer clear of the heat when the sun's ray are the strongest, which is between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. each day.

"This is the best time to seek shade and hydration," Kerstetter said.

If possible, try to avoid performing strenuous activities or sports during these hours and constantly stay hydrated.

Stay indoors in air conditioning during times of excessive heat. If no air conditioning is available at home, seek shelter someplace where it is available.

Burwell said, "In extremely hot days, I recommend seeking public areas with air conditioning or if possible, to visit with family, friends or neighbors who do have air conditioning."

And if you have to be out in the day during the hottest hours, just remember to stay hydrated and dress appropriately.

"Always remember to hydrate with water or a sports drink before, during and after any summertime physical activity and wear light, loose fitted clothing during summer," said Burwell.